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A
military power during the 17th century, |
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Location: |
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Geographic coordinates: |
62 00 N, 15 00 E |
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Map references: |
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Area: |
total: 449,964 sq km |
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Area - comparative: |
Almost
twice as large as the |
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Land boundaries: |
total: 2,205 km |
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Coastline: |
3,218
km |
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Maritime claims: |
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation |
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Climate: |
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north |
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Terrain: |
mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west |
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Elevation extremes: |
lowest point:
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Natural resources: |
zinc,
iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower |
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Land use: |
arable land: 7% |
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Irrigated land: |
1,150 sq km (1993 est.) |
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Natural hazards: |
ice
floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the |
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Environment - current issues: |
acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea |
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Environment - international agreements: |
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air
Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air
Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds,
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources,
Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine
Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical
Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling |
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Geography - note: |
strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas |
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Sweden |
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Population: |
8,875,053 (July 2001 est.) |
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Age structure: |
0-14 years: 18.19% (male 828,308; female 786,353) |
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Population growth rate: |
0.02% (2001 est.) |
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Birth rate: |
9.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
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Death rate: |
10.61 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
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Net migration rate: |
0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
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Sex ratio: |
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female |
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Infant mortality rate: |
3.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
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Life expectancy at birth: |
total population: 79.71 years |
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Total fertility rate: |
1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: |
0.08% (1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: |
3,000 (1999 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths: |
less than 100 (1999 est.) |
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Nationality: |
noun: Swede(s) |
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Ethnic groups: |
indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks |
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Religions: |
Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist |
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Languages: |
Swedish
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Literacy: |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write |
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Sweden |
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Country name: |
conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden |
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Government type: |
constitutional monarchy |
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Capital: |
Stockholm |
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Administrative
divisions: |
21 counties (län, singular and plural); Blekinge,
Dalarnas, Gävleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jämtlands, Jönkopings,
Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Örebro, Östergotlands,
Skåne, Södermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Värmlands,
Västerbottens, Västernorrlands, Västmanlands, Västra
Götalands |
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Independence: |
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king) |
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National holiday: |
Flag Day, 6 June |
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Constitution: |
1 January 1975 |
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Legal system: |
civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
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Suffrage: |
18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch: |
chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973);
Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch
(born 14 July 1977) |
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Legislative branch: |
unicameral
Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a
proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms) |
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Judicial branch: |
Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet) |
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International organization participation: |
AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC |
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Carl Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné or
Carolus Linnaeus, is often called the Father of Taxonomy. His system for
naming, ranking, and classifying organisms is still in wide use today
(with many changes). His ideas on classification have influenced
generations of biologists during and after his own lifetime, even those
opposed to the philosophical and theological roots of his work. |
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Flag description: |
blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) |
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Sweden |
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Economy - overview: |
Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole twentieth century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. In recent years, however, this extraordinarily favorable picture has been somewhat clouded by budgetary difficulties, high unemployment, and a gradual loss of competitiveness in international markets. Sweden has harmonized its economic policies with those of the EU, which it joined at the start of 1995. GDP growth is forecast for 4% in 2001. |
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GDP: |
purchasing power parity - $197 billion (2000 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate: |
4.3% (2000 est.) |
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GDP - per capita: |
purchasing power parity - $22,200 (2000 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 2.2% |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share: |
lowest 10%: 3.7% |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
1.2% (2000 est.) |
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Labor force: |
4.4 million (2000 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.) |
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Unemployment rate: |
6% (2000 est.) |
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Budget: |
revenues: $133 billion |
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Industries: |
iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles |
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Industrial production growth rate: |
7% (2000 est.) |
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Electricity - production: |
146.633 billion kWh (1999) |
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Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 5.53% |
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Electricity - consumption: |
128.819 billion kWh (1999) |
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Electricity - exports: |
15.9 billion kWh (1999) |
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Electricity - imports: |
8.35 billion kWh (1999) |
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Agriculture - products: |
grains, sugar beets, potatoes; meat, milk |
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Exports: |
$95.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000) |
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Exports - commodities: |
machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals |
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Exports - partners: |
EU 55% (Germany 11%, UK 10%, Denmark 6%, Finland 5%, France 5%), US 9%, Norway 8% (1999) |
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Imports: |
$80 billion (f.o.b., 2000) |
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Imports - commodities: |
machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing |
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Imports - partners: |
EU 67% (Germany 18%, UK 10%, Denmark 7%, France 6%), Norway 8%, US 6% (1999) |
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Debt - external: |
$66.5 billion (1994) |
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Economic aid - donor: |
ODA, $1.7 billion (1997) |
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Currency: |
Swedish krona (SEK) |
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Currency code: |
SEK |
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Exchange rates: |
Swedish kronor per US dollar - 9.4669 (January 2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999), 7.9499 (1998), 7.6349 (1997), 6.7060 (1996) |
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Fiscal year: |
calendar year |
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Sweden |
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Telephones - main lines in use: |
6.017 million (December 1998) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular: |
3.835 million (October 1998) |
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Telephone system: |
general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities;
automatic system |
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Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998) |
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Radios: |
8.25 million (1997) |
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Television broadcast stations: |
169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995) |
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Televisions: |
4.6 million (1997) |
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Internet country code: |
.se |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
29 (2000) |
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Internet users: |
4.5 million (2000) |
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Sweden |
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Railways: |
total: 12,821 km (includes 3,594 km of privately owned railways)
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Highways: |
total: 210,760 km |
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Waterways: |
2,052
km |
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Pipelines: |
natural gas 84 km |
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Ports and harbors: |
Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall,
Kalmar, Karlshamn, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall |
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Merchant marine: |
total: 167 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,205,370
GRT/1,663,091 DWT |
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Airports: |
255 (2000 est.) |
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Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 147 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 108 |
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Heliports: |
1 (2000 est.) |
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Sweden |
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Military branches: |
Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Navy, Swedish Air Force |
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Military manpower - military age: |
19 years of age |
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Military manpower - availability: |
males age 15-49: 2,062,566 (2001 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service: |
males age 15-49: 1,803,995 (2001 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually: |
males: 51,506 (2001 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure: |
$5 billion (FY98) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP: |
2.1% (FY98) |
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Sweden |
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Disputes - international: |
none |
KINGS & REGENTS
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Björn på Håga Anund Uppsale Olof Erik Emundsson Björn Eriksson Emund Eriksson Olof Erik (IV) Segersäll Stenkil Sverker (I) den äldre Birger Jarl
Adolf Fredrik
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ca 800 ca 800 ca 850 ca 900 ca 900 ca 950 ca 950 ca 970
- 995 ca 1060 - 1066 ca 1130 - 1156 1248 - 1266 1389 - (1396) 1412 1523 (1521) - 1560 1654 - 1660 1751 - 1771 1818 - 1844 |
Prime Ministers
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Louis De Geer |
1876-80 |
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Arvid Posse |
1880-83 |
Carl Johan Thyselius
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1883-84 |
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Oscar Robert Themptander |
1884-88 |
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Gillis Bildt |
1888-89 |
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Gustaf Åkerhielm |
1889-91 |
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Erik Gustaf Boström |
1891-1900 |
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Fredrik von Otter |
1900-02 |
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Erik Gustaf Boström |
1902-05 |
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Johan Ramstedt |
1905 |
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Christian Lundeberg |
1905 |
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Karl Staaff, liberal |
1905-06 |
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Arvid Lindman, höger |
1906-11 |
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Karl Staaff, liberal |
1911-14 |
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Hjalmar Hammarskjöld,
ämbetsministär |
1914-17 |
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Carl Swartz, höger |
1917 |
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Nils Edén, liberal (i koalition
med Socialdemokraterna) |
1917-20 |
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Hjalmar Branting, Socialdemokraterna |
1920 |
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Louis De Geer, opolitisk |
1920-21 |
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Oscar von Sydow, opolitisk |
1921 |
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Hjalmar Branting, Socialdemokraterna |
1921-23 |
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Ernst Trygger, höger |
1923-24 |
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Hjalmar Branting, Socialdemokraterna |
1924-25 |
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Rickard Sandler, Socialdemokraterna |
1925-26 |
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Carl Gustaf Ekman, frisinnad |
1926-28 |
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Felix Hamrin, frisinnad |
1932 |
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Per Albin Hansson, Socialdemokraterna |
1932-36 |
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Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp,
Bondeförbundet |
1936 |
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Per Albin Hansson, Socialdemokraterna (i
koalition med Bondeförbundet) |
1936-39 |
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Per Albin Hansson, samlingsregering |
1939-45 |
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Per Albin Hansson, Socialdemokraterna |
1945-46 |
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Tage Erlander, Socialdemokraterna |
1946-51 |
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Tage Erlander, Socialdemokraterna (i
koalition med Bondeförbundet) |
1951-57 |
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Tage Erlander, Socialdemokraterna |
1957-69 |
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Olof Palme, Socialdemokraterna |
1969-76 |
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Thorbjörn Fälldin,
Centerpartiet (i koalition med Moderata Samlingspartiet och Folkpartiet) |
1976-78 |
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Ola Ullsten, Folkpartiet |
1978-79 |
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Thorbjörn Fälldin, Centerpartiet
(i koalition med Moderata samlingspartiet och Folkpartiet) |
1979-81 |
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Thorbjörn Fälldin,
Centerpartiet (i koalition med Folkpartiet) |
1981-82 |
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Olof Palme, Socialdemokraterna |
1982-85 |
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Olof Palme, Socialdemokraterna |
1985-86 |
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Ingvar Carlsson, Socialdemokraterna |
1986-91 |
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Carl Bildt, Moderata Samlingspartiet ( i
koalition med Folkpartiet, Centerpartiet och Kristdemokratiska
samlingspartiet) |
1991-94 |
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Ingvar Carlsson, Socialdemokraterna |
1994-96 |
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Göran Persson, Socialdemokraterna |
1996-98 |
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Göran Persson, Socialdemokraterna Fredrik Reinfeldt, Moderaterna |
1998-2006 2006- |
